As a special quantum phenomenon, superconductivity has generated great interests in condensed matter physics.

The first observation of superconductivity was by Onnes in 1911. He observed the disappearance of resistivity in Hg at 4.2K. Similar observations in other materials confirmed the existence of superconductivity and further identified this phenomenon by "zero resistance" and "Meissner effect". Onnes quickly obtained the Nobel Prize in 1913.

Tremendous interests have been brought into the community after this observation. Numerous efforts have been put along two aspects. The first one is to increase its Tc and the other is to establish the superconducting mechanism.

A great breakthrough happened in 1957 that Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer established their famous BCS theory which well described the superconducting mechanism. And they obtained the Nobel Prize in 1972.

Another great breakthrough took place in 1986 that Cuprates were discovered and the transition temperature was greatly increased which exceeded the liquid Nitrogen temperature (77K) and was optimized to ~160K under pressure. Due to this contribution, Bednorz and Muller won the Nobel Prize in 1987.

What can we expect?